Python is an object-oriented programming language created by Guido Rossum in 1989. It is ideally designed for rapid prototyping of complex applications. It has interfaces to many OS system calls and libraries and is extensible to C or C++. Many large companies use the Python programming language include NASA, Google, YouTube, BitTorrent, etc.
Python programming is widely used in Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Generation, Neural Networks and other advanced fields of Computer Science. Python had deep focus on code readability & this class will teach you python from basics. Python case sensitive when dealing with identifiers and it can be of any length.
What is Tuple Matching in Python?
Tuple Matching in Python is a method of grouping the tuples by matching the second element in the tuples. It is achieved by using a dictionary by checking the second element in each tuple in python programming. However, we can make new tuples by taking portions of existing tuples.
Tuple Syntax
Tup = ('Jan','feb','march')
To write an empty tuple, you need to write as two parentheses containing nothing-
tup1 = ();
For writing tuple for a single value, you need to include a comma, even though there is a single value. Also at the end you need to write semicolon as shown below.
Tup1 = (50,);
Tuple indices begin at 0, and they can be concatenated, sliced and so on.
Python has tuple assignment feature which enables you to assign more than one variable at a time. In here, we have assigned tuple 1 with the persons information like name, surname, birth year, etc. and another tuple 2 with the values in it like number (1,2,3,….,7).
For Example,
(name, surname, birth year, favorite movie and year, profession, birthplace) = Robert
Here is the code,
tup1 = ('Robert', 'Carlos','1965','Terminator 1995', 'Actor','Florida');
tup2 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
print(tup10)
print(tup21:4)
Tuple 1 includes list of information of Robert
Tuple 2 includes list of numbers in it
We call the value for 0 in tuple and for tuple 2 we call the value between 1 and 4
Run the code- It gives name Robert for first tuple while for second tuple it gives number (2,3 and 4)
Packing and Unpacking
In packing, we place value into a new tuple while in unpacking we extract those values back into variables.
x = ("Guru99", 20, "Education") # tuple packing
(company, emp, profile) = x # tuple unpacking
print(company)
print(emp)
print(profile)
Comparing tuples
A comparison operator in Python can work with tuples.
The comparison starts with a first element of each tuple. If they do not compare to =,< or > then it proceed to the second element and so on.
It starts with comparing the first element from each of the tuples
Let's study this with an example-
#case 1
a=(5,6)
b=(1,4)
if (a>b):print("a is bigger")
else: print("b is bigger")
#case 2
a=(5,6)
b=(5,4)
if (a>b):print("a is bigger")
else: print ("b is bigger")
#case 3
a=(5,6)
b=(6,4)
if (a>b):print("a is bigger")
else: print("b is bigger")
Case1: Comparison starts with a first element of each tuple. In this case 5>1, so the output a is bigger
Case 2: Comparison starts with a first element of each tuple. In this case 5>5 which is inconclusive. So it proceeds to the next element. 6>4, so the output a is bigger
Case 3: Comparison starts with a first element of each tuple. In this case 5>6 which is false. So it goes into the else block and prints "b is bigger."
Using tuples as keys in dictionaries
Since tuples are hashable, and list is not, we must use tuple as the key if we need to create a composite key to use in a dictionary.
Example: We would come across a composite key if we need to create a telephone directory that maps, first-name, last-name, pairs of telephone numbers, etc. Assuming that we have declared the variables as last and first number, we could write a dictionary assignment statement as shown below:
directorylast,first = number
Inside the brackets, the expression is a tuple. We could use tuple assignment in a for loop to navigate this dictionary.
for last, first in directory:
print first, last, directorylast, first
This loop navigates the keys in the directory, which are tuples. It assigns the elements of each tuple to last and first and then prints the name and corresponding telephone number.
Tuples and dictionary
Dictionary can return the list of tuples by calling items, where each tuple is a key value pair.
a = {'x':100, 'y':200}
b = list(a.items())
print(b)
Deleting Tuples
Tuples are immutable and cannot be deleted. You cannot delete or remove items from a tuple. But deleting tuple entirely is possible by using the keyword
del
Slicing of Tuple
To fetch specific sets of sub-elements from tuple or list, we use this unique function called slicing. Slicing is not only applicable to tuple but also for array and list.
x = ("a", "b","c", "d", "e")
print(x2:4)
The output of this code will be ('c', 'd').
Here is the Python 2 Code for all above example
tup1 = ('Robert', 'Carlos','1965','Terminator 1995', 'Actor','Florida');
tup2 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
print tup10
print tup21:4
#Packing and Unpacking
x = ("Guru99", 20, "Education") # tuple packing
(company, emp, profile) = x # tuple unpacking
print company
print emp
print profile
#Comparing tuples
#case 1
a=(5,6)
b=(1,4)
if (a>b):print "a is bigger"
else: print "b is bigger"
#case 2
a=(5,6)
b=(5,4)
if (a>b):print "a is bigger"
else: print "b is bigger"
#case 3
a=(5,6)
b=(6,4)
if (a>b):print "a is bigger"
else: print "b is bigger"
#Tuples and dictionary
a = {'x':100, 'y':200}
b = a.items()
print b
#Slicing of Tuple
x = ("a", "b","c", "d", "e")
print x2:4
Built-in functions with Tuple
To perform different task, tuple allows you to use many built-in functions like all(), any(), enumerate(), max(), min(), sorted(), len(), tuple(), etc.
Advantages of tuple over list
Iterating through tuple is faster than with list, since tuples are immutable.
Tuples that consist of immutable elements can be used as key for dictionary, which is not possible with list
If you have data that is immutable, implementing it as tuple will guarantee that it remains write-protected
Summary:
Python has tuple assignment feature which enables you to assign more than one variable at a time.
Packing and Unpacking of Tuples
In packing, we place value into a new tuple while in unpacking we extract those values back into variables.
A comparison operator in Python can work with tuples.
Using tuples as keys in dictionaries
Tuples are hashable, and list are not
We must use tuple as the key if we need to create a composite key to use in a dictionary
Dictionary can return the list of tuples by calling items, where each tuple is a key value pair
Tuples are immutable and cannot be deleted. You cannot delete or remove items from a tuple. But deleting tuple entirely is possible by using the keyword "del"
To fetch specific sets of sub-elements from tuple or list, we use this unique function called slicing